docs: sops-nix secrets workflow

Operator runbook for adding a secret, adding a new host, and rotating
keys, plus a pointer from CLAUDE.md's architecture overview.

.gitignore

@@ -1 +1,3 @@
-AGENTS.md
+AGENTS.md
+*.dec
+keys.txt

.sops.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+keys:
+  - &admin_finn age1a0v442ct2qfjcdhyktn25spw02yq4fl08plrrvuradwwxzsle4mq8thln4
+  - &host_mibook age1n3uqtee5ymykrls6k04dznq50cwmj99hw7ny83yxjndt4y2ncf5qhjwa2p
+  # - &host_jupiter age1...   # TODO: Phase 9, see docs/secrets.md
+
+creation_rules:
+  - path_regex: ^secrets/mibook\.yaml$
+    key_groups:
+      - age:
+          - *admin_finn
+          - *host_mibook
+  # - path_regex: ^secrets/jupiter\.yaml$   # TODO: Phase 9
+  #   key_groups:
+  #     - age: [ *admin_finn, *host_jupiter ]
+  # - path_regex: ^secrets/common\.yaml$    # TODO: Phase 9
+  #   key_groups:
+  #     - age: [ *admin_finn, *host_mibook, *host_jupiter ]

CLAUDE.md

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ flake.nix
     │   ├── core.nix                   # system packages, locale, timezone
     │   ├── network.nix
     │   ├── nix.nix
+    │   ├── sops.nix                   # sops-nix decryption config, sops/age/ssh-to-age on PATH
     │   └── users.nix
     ├── modules/                       # custom NixOS option modules (my.profiles.*, my.hardware.*, my.services.*)
     │   ├── environments/              # per-service/app profiles
@@ -43,10 +44,21 @@ flake.nix
     └── machines/<name>/
         ├── configuration.nix          # machine-specific NixOS settings
         ├── environments.nix           # enables profiles via my.profiles.* / my.hardware.* options
+        ├── secrets.nix                # sops.secrets declared for this host
         ├── disks.nix
         └── hardware-configuration.nix
 ```
 
+### Secrets (sops-nix)
+
+Secrets are encrypted with sops, decrypted per-host from that host's SSH host
+key. `.sops.yaml` defines who can decrypt what; `secrets/<host>.yaml` holds
+the encrypted values; `machines/<host>/secrets.nix` declares which secrets
+that host exposes and consumes them via `config.sops.secrets.<name>.path`.
+Always `git add` a secrets file before `nix build` — untracked files are
+invisible to flake evaluation. Full workflow (adding a secret, adding a host,
+rotating keys): see [`docs/secrets.md`](docs/secrets.md).
+
 ### Profile / Module Pattern
 
 Every module under `modules/` follows the same structure:

docs/secrets.md

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+# Secrets (sops-nix)
+
+Secrets are encrypted with [sops](https://github.com/getsops/sops) and decrypted
+at activation by [sops-nix](https://github.com/Mic92/sops-nix). Each host decrypts
+with its own SSH host key (converted to an age key in-memory — no separate host
+private key is ever stored on disk).
+
+Tooling (`sops`, `age`, `ssh-to-age`) is available via `nix develop` in this repo,
+and installed system-wide on every machine via `machines/core/sops.nix`.
+
+## Adding a secret to an existing host
+
+```
+nix develop -c sops secrets/<host>.yaml
+```
+
+This opens `$EDITOR` on the decrypted content. Add your key, save, quit — sops
+re-encrypts on write. Then declare it in `machines/<host>/secrets.nix`:
+
+```nix
+sops.secrets.my-secret = {
+  owner = "someuser";   # defaults to root
+  group = "someuser";
+  mode = "0400";
+  restartUnits = [ "foo.service" ];  # if a running service needs to pick it up
+};
+```
+
+Consume it in the owning module as `config.sops.secrets.my-secret.path`
+(resolves to `/run/secrets/my-secret`) — never inline the decrypted value into
+a Nix string, since that copies it into the world-readable `/nix/store`.
+
+Then:
+
+```
+nix build '.#nixosConfigurations.<host>.config.system.build.toplevel'
+sudo nixos-rebuild test --flake '.#<host>'
+# verify, then:
+sudo nixos-rebuild switch --flake '.#<host>'
+```
+
+**The secrets file must be `git add`ed before `nix build`** — untracked files
+are invisible to flake evaluation, and `sops.validateSopsFiles` needs it in the
+Nix store.
+
+## Adding a new host
+
+1. On the new host: `ssh-to-age < /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub` to get its
+   age public key.
+2. In `.sops.yaml`: add a `&host_<name>` anchor with that key, and a
+   `creation_rules` entry for `secrets/<name>.yaml` including both the new
+   host key and `*admin_finn`.
+3. Create `machines/<name>/secrets.nix`, add it to that machine's
+   `configuration.nix` imports.
+4. If the host needs to read an existing shared file, run
+   `sops updatekeys secrets/<file>.yaml` after step 2 so it's re-encrypted to
+   include the new recipient.
+
+## Rotating keys
+
+```
+# after editing .sops.yaml (new/removed recipient):
+nix develop -c sops updatekeys secrets/<file>.yaml
+```
+
+for every file the change affects. `updatekeys` requires you to already be
+able to decrypt the file — this is why `*admin_finn` is a recipient on every
+rule, as the standing fallback.
+
+Reinstalling a host regenerates its SSH host key, which changes its age
+identity. Any file previously encrypted to that host must be `updatekeys`'d
+with the new key, or the host's next activation fails to decrypt.
+
+## Where private keys live
+
+- **Operator** (you): `~/.config/sops/age/keys.txt` — sops' default lookup
+  path, so `SOPS_AGE_KEY_FILE` never needs to be set. Never committed. Back
+  this up out-of-band (password manager, offline copy) — if it's lost, only
+  the surviving host keys can still decrypt their own files, and any file that
+  was only ever readable by an operator-only rule becomes permanently
+  unreadable.
+- **Hosts**: `/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key` — already managed by NixOS,
+  converted to age in-memory at activation time. Nothing extra to back up.
+
+## Layout
+
+```
+.sops.yaml              # age recipients + creation rules (which keys can decrypt which files)
+secrets/<host>.yaml      # per-host encrypted secrets (default sopsFile for that host)
+machines/core/sops.nix   # applied to every machine: decryption config, sops/age/ssh-to-age on PATH
+machines/<host>/secrets.nix   # per-host: which secrets exist, owner/group/mode
+```

docs/superpowers/plans/2026-08-05-immich-nixos-module.md

@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+# Immich NixOS Module Implementation Plan
+
+> **For agentic workers:** REQUIRED SUB-SKILL: Use superpowers:subagent-driven-development (recommended) or superpowers:executing-plans to implement this plan task-by-task. Steps use checkbox (`- [ ]`) syntax for tracking.
+>
+> **Note on nature:** Task 1 is repo work verifiable with `nix build` (no runtime tests exist for declarative config). Tasks 2–6 are a **manual migration runbook executed on jupiter by the operator** — they are destructive and cannot be run from the dev machine (mibook). Do not attempt to automate or execute Tasks 2–6 from an agent session; present them for the operator to run and confirm.
+
+**Goal:** Replace jupiter's docker-compose Immich with the native `services.immich` NixOS module, preserving all data (albums, faces, shares, library).
+
+**Architecture:** A standard `my.profiles.immich` module wraps `services.immich` (native Postgres+VectorChord over unix socket, Redis, server, machine-learning). Media stays at the default local `/var/lib/immich`. The existing docker Postgres dump is restored same-version (2.7.5 → 2.7.5, no schema/vector migration). GPU is exposed for VAAPI/QSV transcoding.
+
+**Tech Stack:** NixOS (flake-parts), `services.immich` from nixpkgs 25.11, PostgreSQL, Intel QSV/VAAPI, docker (source only).
+
+## Global Constraints
+
+- Machine: **jupiter** only. Do not enable on mibook.
+- Immich version: source docker == target nixpkgs == **2.7.5** (stable). No `package` override. Do NOT bump nixpkgs Immich during this work.
+- Media location: default `/var/lib/immich` (local disk). Do not point at the NAS.
+- Database: local PostgreSQL over **unix socket + peer auth** — no password, no sops secret.
+- HW accel: **video transcoding only**. ML stays on CPU (`machine-learning.enable = true`, no OpenVINO).
+- Access: LAN + VPN, `openFirewall = true`, port **2283**. No reverse proxy/TLS.
+- Rebuild command: `sudo nixos-rebuild switch --flake '.#jupiter'`.
+- Build-check command: `nix build '.#nixosConfigurations.jupiter.config.system.build.toplevel'`.
+- Format Nix with `nixfmt-rfc-style` before committing.
+- Do not delete docker DB or upload data until Task 6 sign-off.
+
+---
+
+## File Structure
+
+- **Create** `modules/environments/immich/default.nix` — the `my.profiles.immich` module (single responsibility: declare Immich).
+- **Modify** `modules/environments/default.nix` — add `./environments/immich` to the import list.
+- **Modify** `machines/jupiter/environments.nix` — set `immich.enable = true`.
+
+No other files change. The DB/media migration touches only runtime state on jupiter, not the repo.
+
+---
+
+### Task 1: Author the `immich` profile module
+
+**Files:**
+- Create: `modules/environments/immich/default.nix`
+- Modify: `modules/environments/default.nix` (import list)
+- Modify: `machines/jupiter/environments.nix` (`my.profiles.immich.enable`)
+
+**Interfaces:**
+- Produces: NixOS option `my.profiles.immich.enable` (bool). When true, configures `services.immich`, adds `immich` user to `video`/`render` groups, and appends an entry to `my.homepage.services`.
+- Consumes: existing `my.homepage.services` aggregator; `config.networking.hostName`.
+
+- [ ] **Step 1: Read a reference module to match repo style**
+
+Read `modules/environments/jellyfin/default.nix` (same shape: `cfg`, `hostName`, `port`, `mkIf`, `my.homepage.services`). Match its formatting and header-comment convention.
+
+- [ ] **Step 2: Create the module file**
+
+Create `modules/environments/immich/default.nix`:
+
+```nix
+# Immich self-hosted photo & video server
+{
+  config,
+  lib,
+  pkgs,
+  ...
+}:
+let
+  cfg = config.my.profiles.immich;
+  hostName = config.networking.hostName;
+  port = 2283;
+in
+{
+  options.my.profiles.immich = with lib; {
+    enable = mkEnableOption "Immich photo server";
+  };
+
+  config = lib.mkIf cfg.enable {
+    services.immich = {
+      enable = true;
+      host = "0.0.0.0";
+      inherit port;
+      openFirewall = true;
+      mediaLocation = "/var/lib/immich";
+      machine-learning.enable = true;
+      accelerationDevices = [ "/dev/dri/renderD128" ];
+      settings.server.externalDomain = "http://${hostName}:${toString port}";
+    };
+
+    # The native module does not add GPU groups; required for VAAPI/QSV transcoding.
+    users.users.immich.extraGroups = [
+      "video"
+      "render"
+    ];
+
+    my.homepage.services = [
+      {
+        group = "Media";
+        name = "Immich";
+        description = "Photo & video server";
+        href = "http://${hostName}:${toString port}";
+        icon = "immich.png";
+      }
+    ];
+  };
+}
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 3: Register the module in the environments import list**
+
+Open `modules/environments/default.nix` and add `./environments/immich` (or `./immich`, matching the exact relative style already used in that file — check how `jellyfin` is listed and mirror it).
+
+- [ ] **Step 4: Enable it on jupiter**
+
+In `machines/jupiter/environments.nix`, inside the `my.profiles = { ... }` block, add:
+
+```nix
+    immich.enable = true;
+```
+
+- [ ] **Step 5: Format**
+
+Run: `nixfmt-rfc-style modules/environments/immich/default.nix`
+
+- [ ] **Step 6: Build-check (this is the "test")**
+
+Run: `nix build '.#nixosConfigurations.jupiter.config.system.build.toplevel'`
+Expected: builds successfully. If it fails on an unknown option (e.g. `accelerationDevices`, `settings.server.externalDomain`), reconcile against the module at `$(nix eval --raw '.#nixosConfigurations.jupiter.pkgs.path')/nixos/modules/services/web-apps/immich.nix` and fix.
+
+- [ ] **Step 7: Confirm the option evaluates on**
+
+Run: `nix eval '.#nixosConfigurations.jupiter.config.services.immich.enable'`
+Expected: `true`
+
+- [ ] **Step 8: Commit**
+
+```bash
+git add modules/environments/immich/default.nix modules/environments/default.nix machines/jupiter/environments.nix
+git commit -m "feat(jupiter): add native Immich profile module"
+```
+
+---
+
+### Task 2: Pre-flight & backup on jupiter (operator-run)
+
+**Files:** none (runtime state on jupiter). Run all commands on jupiter.
+
+**Interfaces:**
+- Produces: `immich-db.sql` dump file and a known-good copy/snapshot of the docker upload folder; recorded `UPLOAD_LOCATION` path and DB container name.
+
+- [ ] **Step 1: Record docker facts**
+
+From the docker-compose dir on jupiter, note `UPLOAD_LOCATION`, the DB service/container name, and `POSTGRES_USER`/`POSTGRES_DB` from `.env`/compose. Confirm server version is **2.7.5** (web UI footer or `docker exec <server> immich --version`). If it is not 2.7.5, STOP — this plan assumes a same-version restore.
+
+- [ ] **Step 2: Stop the docker stack (DB may stay up for the dump)**
+
+Run: `docker compose stop immich-server immich-machine-learning` (leave the DB container running).
+
+- [ ] **Step 3: Dump the database**
+
+Run: `docker exec -t <db-container> pg_dumpall --clean --if-exists --username=<POSTGRES_USER> > ~/immich-db.sql`
+Expected: a non-trivial `immich-db.sql` (check it is not near-empty: `wc -l ~/immich-db.sql`).
+
+- [ ] **Step 4: Stop the DB and record the media size**
+
+Run: `docker compose down` then `du -sh <UPLOAD_LOCATION>` and note the size. Do NOT copy yet. Do NOT delete anything.
+
+---
+
+### Task 3: First switch — let the module create empty state (operator-run)
+
+**Files:** none at runtime (repo change already committed in Task 1). Run on jupiter after pulling the committed branch.
+
+**Interfaces:**
+- Consumes: `immich-db.sql`, `UPLOAD_LOCATION` from Task 2.
+- Produces: an `immich` system user, an empty `immich` Postgres DB + role, and `/var/lib/immich` created with correct ownership, with services then stopped.
+
+- [ ] **Step 1: Deploy the config**
+
+On jupiter, check out the branch containing Task 1's commit and run:
+`sudo nixos-rebuild switch --flake '.#jupiter'`
+Expected: `immich-server`, `immich-machine-learning`, postgres, and redis units come up; UI reachable at `http://jupiter:2283` showing a fresh/empty instance.
+
+- [ ] **Step 2: Stop immich so data can be swapped underneath**
+
+Run: `sudo systemctl stop immich-server immich-machine-learning`
+Expected: both inactive. PostgreSQL and Redis stay running.
+
+- [ ] **Step 3: Verify the DB and user exist**
+
+Run: `sudo -u postgres psql -c '\l' | grep immich` and `sudo -u postgres psql -c '\du' | grep immich`
+Expected: an `immich` database and `immich` role are present.
+
+---
+
+### Task 4: Restore database and media (operator-run, destructive)
+
+**Files:** none in repo. Run on jupiter. This overwrites the freshly-created empty DB.
+
+**Interfaces:**
+- Consumes: `immich-db.sql`, `<UPLOAD_LOCATION>`, the running NixOS PostgreSQL.
+- Produces: the migrated DB and populated `/var/lib/immich`.
+
+- [ ] **Step 1: Restore the dump into the NixOS Postgres**
+
+`pg_dumpall` output includes role/DB creation. Load it as the `postgres` superuser over the unix socket:
+Run: `sudo -u postgres psql -f ~/immich-db.sql`
+Expected: completes without fatal errors. Harmless "role already exists"/"database already exists" notices are OK because of `--clean --if-exists`. If the immich DB ends up owned by the wrong role, reassign: `sudo -u postgres psql -c 'ALTER DATABASE immich OWNER TO immich;'`.
+
+- [ ] **Step 2: Sanity-check the restored data**
+
+Run: `sudo -u postgres psql -d immich -c 'SELECT count(*) FROM assets;'`
+Expected: a count matching your library size (non-zero). If the table name differs by version, list tables with `\dt` and check an obviously-populated one.
+
+- [ ] **Step 3: Move the media into the default location**
+
+Immich's upload folder holds subdirs `library/ upload/ thumbs/ encoded-video/ profile/ backups/`. Move (not copy, if same filesystem) the contents of `<UPLOAD_LOCATION>` into `/var/lib/immich`:
+Run: `sudo rsync -aHAX --info=progress2 <UPLOAD_LOCATION>/ /var/lib/immich/`
+(Use `rsync` — safe if partially interrupted. Keep the source until Task 6 sign-off.)
+
+- [ ] **Step 4: Fix ownership**
+
+Run: `sudo chown -R immich:immich /var/lib/immich`
+Expected: everything under `/var/lib/immich` owned by `immich`.
+
+---
+
+### Task 5: Start and verify (operator-run)
+
+**Files:** none. Run on jupiter.
+
+**Interfaces:**
+- Consumes: migrated DB + media from Task 4.
+- Produces: a running, verified native Immich.
+
+- [ ] **Step 1: Start the server and watch logs**
+
+Run: `sudo systemctl start immich-server && journalctl -u immich-server -f`
+Expected: it connects to the DB, runs same-version startup checks (no destructive migration since 2.7.5==2.7.5), and reports listening on 2283. Leave the follow running through the next step.
+
+- [ ] **Step 2: Start machine-learning**
+
+Run: `sudo systemctl start immich-machine-learning`
+Expected: active, no crash loop in `journalctl -u immich-machine-learning`.
+
+- [ ] **Step 3: Functional spot-check in the web UI**
+
+At `http://jupiter:2283`: log in with an existing account; confirm the timeline loads; open an **album**; open the **People/faces** view; open a **shared link**; open one photo so a **thumbnail and its full original both load** (this proves DB↔file paths align after the media move).
+Expected: all present, images render.
+
+- [ ] **Step 4: Confirm homepage dashboard tile**
+
+Open the homepage dashboard; confirm the Immich tile appears under "Media" and links to `http://jupiter:2283`.
+
+- [ ] **Step 5: Enable and verify hardware transcoding**
+
+In Immich **Administration → Settings → Video Transcoding**, set hardware acceleration to **Quick Sync** (QSV) (or VAAPI). Trigger a transcode (upload/play a video that needs transcoding, or run the transcoding job). Then:
+Run: `journalctl -u immich-server | grep -iE 'qsv|vaapi|hwaccel|transcode'`
+Expected: log shows the hardware path in use, not a CPU-fallback error. Confirm `/dev/dri/renderD128` is accessible to the service (the `video`/`render` groups + `accelerationDevices` from Task 1 handle this).
+
+---
+
+### Task 6: Sign-off and cleanup (operator-run)
+
+**Files:** none in repo. Merge the branch; then, only after a confidence window, remove docker.
+
+**Interfaces:**
+- Consumes: a verified running instance (Task 5).
+
+- [ ] **Step 1: Merge the feature branch**
+
+Open a PR from `feat/immich-nixos-module` into `main` and merge it (repo convention: PRs via the Gitea remote).
+
+- [ ] **Step 2: Confidence window**
+
+Use Immich normally for a few days. Keep the docker `<UPLOAD_LOCATION>` source copy and `~/immich-db.sql` untouched as the rollback path.
+
+- [ ] **Step 3: Rollback (only if needed, before cleanup)**
+
+If something is wrong: `sudo systemctl stop immich-server immich-machine-learning`, set `immich.enable = false` (or check out the pre-migration commit), `sudo nixos-rebuild switch --flake '.#jupiter'`, then `docker compose up -d` in the old stack. Original docker DB + upload folder are intact until Step 4.
+
+- [ ] **Step 4: Cleanup (after sign-off)**
+
+Remove the docker Immich stack (`docker compose down --rmi all --volumes` in the old dir if the DB volume is dedicated — verify first), delete the now-duplicated `<UPLOAD_LOCATION>` source, and remove `~/immich-db.sql`. Optionally disable the `docker` profile on jupiter if Immich was its only consumer (check other services first — jupiter's `docker.enable` may still be needed).
+
+---
+
+## Self-Review
+
+**Spec coverage:**
+- Native `services.immich` → Task 1. ✓
+- Version target 2.7.5==stable, no override → Global Constraints + Task 2 Step 1. ✓
+- Media at default `/var/lib/immich` → Task 1 + Task 4 Step 3. ✓
+- DB migrate keep-everything → Tasks 2–4. ✓
+- HW transcoding only → Task 1 (`accelerationDevices`, groups) + Task 5 Step 5. ✓
+- LAN+VPN, port 2283, openFirewall, homepage tile → Task 1 + Task 5 Steps 3–4. ✓
+- Rollback path → Task 6 Step 3. ✓
+- Deferred (OpenVINO/NAS/proxy) → correctly absent. ✓
+
+**Placeholder scan:** No TBD/TODO; every command is concrete. Placeholders like `<db-container>`, `<UPLOAD_LOCATION>`, `<POSTGRES_USER>` are runtime values the operator reads in Task 2 Step 1 — intentional, not gaps.
+
+**Type consistency:** Option name `my.profiles.immich.enable` and path `/var/lib/immich` used consistently across all tasks. Media subfolder list matches between Task 4 Step 3 and the spec.

docs/superpowers/specs/2026-08-05-immich-nixos-module-design.md

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+# Immich: Docker → NixOS module migration
+
+**Date:** 2026-08-05
+**Machine:** jupiter (home server, Intel iGPU)
+**Status:** Design approved, pending implementation plan
+
+## Goal
+
+Replace the existing docker-compose Immich deployment on jupiter with the
+native `services.immich` NixOS module, wrapped in the repo's standard
+`my.profiles.*` pattern. Preserve all existing data (albums, faces, shared
+links, metadata) and photo/video library.
+
+## Decisions
+
+| Topic | Decision |
+|-------|----------|
+| Approach | Native `services.immich` (nixpkgs), not `oci-containers` |
+| Version target | **Resolved: docker runs 2.7.5 == stable nixpkgs 2.7.5.** Use the stable module as-is; no `package` override. Same-version restore, no forward schema migration |
+| Media location | Default local path `/var/lib/immich`. NAS deferred to a future read-only external library |
+| Database | Migrate via dump/restore — keep everything |
+| HW acceleration | Video transcoding only (VAAPI/QSV via existing Intel graphics stack). ML on CPU |
+| Access | LAN + VPN only: open port 2283, register on homepage dashboard. No reverse proxy/TLS |
+
+### Deliberately deferred (YAGNI)
+- OpenVINO ML acceleration
+- NAS-backed external library
+- Reverse proxy / TLS / public hostname
+
+## Part 1 — The module
+
+New file `modules/environments/immich/default.nix` following the profile
+pattern; add `./environments/immich` to `modules/environments/default.nix`;
+enable `my.profiles.immich.enable = true` in
+`machines/jupiter/environments.nix`.
+
+```nix
+{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
+let
+  cfg = config.my.profiles.immich;
+  hostName = config.networking.hostName;
+  port = 2283;
+in {
+  options.my.profiles.immich.enable = lib.mkEnableOption "Immich photo server";
+
+  config = lib.mkIf cfg.enable {
+    services.immich = {
+      enable = true;
+      # package = pkgs.unstable.immich;   # only if docker :release is > 2.7.5
+      host = "0.0.0.0";
+      inherit port;
+      openFirewall = true;
+      mediaLocation = "/var/lib/immich";
+      machine-learning.enable = true;
+      accelerationDevices = [ "/dev/dri/renderD128" ];
+      settings.server.externalDomain = "http://${hostName}:${toString port}";
+    };
+
+    # native module does not add GPU groups; needed for VAAPI/QSV transcoding
+    users.users.immich.extraGroups = [ "video" "render" ];
+
+    my.homepage.services = [{
+      group = "Media";
+      name = "Immich";
+      description = "Photo & video server";
+      href = "http://${hostName}:${toString port}";
+      icon = "immich.png";
+    }];
+  };
+}
+```
+
+**Provided for free by the native module:** local PostgreSQL with the required
+vector extension over a **unix socket + peer auth** (so no DB password / sops
+secret needed), Redis, `immich-server` and `immich-machine-learning` systemd
+units, the `immich` system user, and `mediaLocation` created via tmpfiles.
+
+**Transcoding is two parts:** (a) NixOS exposes the GPU device + `video`/`render`
+groups (above); (b) the hwaccel backend (QSV/VAAPI) is chosen in Immich's
+**admin → video transcoding** settings after cutover — a UI toggle, not Nix.
+
+## Part 2 — Migration runbook (on jupiter)
+
+### Pre-flight (hard blocker)
+1. Get running docker Immich version (`docker exec <server> immich --version` or web UI footer).
+2. **Resolved 2026-08-05: running version is 2.7.5, equal to stable nixpkgs.**
+   Use the stable module as-is (no `package` override). Kept for reference:
+   - running ≤ 2.7.5 → stable module as-is ← **this case**
+   - 2.7.6–3.0.3 → set `package = pkgs.unstable.immich`
+   - `> 3.0.3` → bump nixpkgs first; **stop and re-plan**
+3. Record docker `UPLOAD_LOCATION` and DB container name/credentials.
+
+### Backup (before touching anything)
+4. `docker compose down` (DB may stay up for the dump).
+5. Dump DB: `docker exec -t <db> pg_dumpall --clean --if-exists --username=postgres > immich-db.sql`
+6. Verify upload folder intact; note size (no copy yet).
+
+### Cutover
+7. Add the module to jupiter's `environments.nix` (leave `database.createDB` default).
+8. `sudo nixos-rebuild switch --flake '.#jupiter'` → creates user, empty DB + role, `mediaLocation`. Then `systemctl stop immich-server immich-machine-learning`.
+9. Restore the DB into the NixOS Postgres (drop the freshly-created empty `immich` DB, load `immich-db.sql`) per Immich's restore docs.
+10. Move media into `/var/lib/immich` (subfolders `library/`, `upload/`, `thumbs/`, `encoded-video/`, `profile/`); `chown -R immich:immich /var/lib/immich`.
+11. `systemctl start immich-server`; it runs schema migrations forward. Watch `journalctl -u immich-server -f`.
+
+### Verify
+12. UI at `http://jupiter:2283` loads; log in; spot-check albums, faces, a shared link, and that thumbnails/originals actually load.
+13. Homepage tile works.
+14. Enable QSV/VAAPI in admin settings; transcode one video; confirm `journalctl` shows the hw path, not a CPU fallback error.
+
+### Rollback
+Before deleting any docker data: `systemctl stop immich-*`, disable the profile,
+`nixos-rebuild switch`, `docker compose up -d`. Original docker DB + upload
+folder remain untouched until explicitly removed after a few days of confidence.
+
+## Known risk — RESOLVED
+
+The main risk was step 9 crossing the **pgvecto.rs → VectorChord** vector-extension
+boundary. With source and target both at **2.7.5**, both use VectorChord — no
+boundary crossing and no forward schema migration. The restore is a same-version
+dump/load. Residual risk is limited to routine dump/restore mechanics
+(roles, extension availability in the NixOS Postgres, ownership on restore).

flake.lock

@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@
         "nixpkgs-lib": "nixpkgs-lib"
       },
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1782949081,
-        "narHash": "sha256-vp6Y/Grm98ESt6ceOkWiHWyZRDV3J1RID4w+6NWK9yA=",
+        "lastModified": 1785627969,
+        "narHash": "sha256-4dtXQk/NMePegK/nWp5NSeuZKLATItOq61lpEvmXqGw=",
         "owner": "hercules-ci",
         "repo": "flake-parts",
-        "rev": "17c9d6cdfc60c64f4ee8d306f9bc0b4ccb51481e",
+        "rev": "427bf4bd9435fdf21321c8cc628c24efc14c0f7a",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
@@ -89,11 +89,11 @@
         "nixpkgs-regression": "nixpkgs-regression"
       },
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1784762557,
-        "narHash": "sha256-R/r6jRnANV50c8F5Fz5+1Q1moab0IGWRk+cg5ME2nMY=",
+        "lastModified": 1787274306,
+        "narHash": "sha256-Qg9f9td5iphUWSQS6zmvyZWO1F+D7j8Z3U6dGyUTg08=",
         "owner": "NixOS",
         "repo": "nix",
-        "rev": "d10c84cd0cc0efdcb29cf2611caf5fbcd10fa071",
+        "rev": "649e823fb24ed118d72e613be35fa8ea1b64afe7",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
@@ -143,11 +143,11 @@
         "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs_2"
       },
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1784723954,
-        "narHash": "sha256-1CfD8ZUjCkTgjsneLZ/lxCHhgDfqxxE7/GX0MmsgiqA=",
+        "lastModified": 1787144466,
+        "narHash": "sha256-HHfv2/HkNSKbbSyU9iD/g8lbP6r4tl33sSw1W4rXCk0=",
         "owner": "NixOS",
         "repo": "nixos-hardware",
-        "rev": "a017f5b72210026af5b3ac5949f08d94380a6fbd",
+        "rev": "0471accf8d0a8210b31d947497d179ecc99e0021",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
@@ -187,11 +187,11 @@
     },
     "nixpkgs-lib": {
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1782614948,
-        "narHash": "sha256-ePjCwr1sNm9NYUqywL7QfK3JnlS015msC+eBu2zKlp8=",
+        "lastModified": 1785031560,
+        "narHash": "sha256-OmshNvn2vupOFpYinLUu+1Dnpu4n7Q5N3ggGVNHpkUI=",
         "owner": "nix-community",
         "repo": "nixpkgs.lib",
-        "rev": "db3f255737b94216eb71cce308e2912cf6bc2d7c",
+        "rev": "0e79af5e3d4dcfcd676ab5ba3f95d2e3352e078c",
         "type": "github"
       },
       "original": {
@@ -218,11 +218,11 @@
     },
     "nixpkgs-unstable": {
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1784796856,
-        "narHash": "sha256-vwxWgF+Gj276WznzGb1LxGsK/39HaQwgQXiU3EkC844=",
-        "rev": "e2587caef70cea85dd97d7daab492899902dbf5d",
+        "lastModified": 1787135253,
+        "narHash": "sha256-M5/r2v++FjVhdsxXYMb4BDJ5YLAdCWFt3aZotcshocA=",
+        "rev": "ffb3c9b700e759be2ef13237c9d8f953b32a1e46",
         "type": "tarball",
-        "url": "https://releases.nixos.org/nixos/unstable/nixos-26.11pre1040357.e2587caef70c/nixexprs.tar.xz"
+        "url": "https://releases.nixos.org/nixos/unstable/nixos-26.11pre1058091.ffb3c9b700e7/nixexprs.tar.xz"
       },
       "original": {
         "id": "nixpkgs",
@@ -245,11 +245,11 @@
     },
     "nixpkgs_3": {
       "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1784707089,
-        "narHash": "sha256-DUedXhD2Rg8q4Xyd07Sb90eZGy4gg6W+Vl/WbLNwAZo=",
-        "rev": "b3fe9581c9061c749abef42b6d4ee7b7c05c33fa",
+        "lastModified": 1787101114,
+        "narHash": "sha256-BA7sSNjLDuPGSOYBGpr6WQjke1MQ8AZpJ8GlYZM/mOc=",
+        "rev": "b18a4b905f8d028dc4476412e6d6891728695379",
         "type": "tarball",
-        "url": "https://releases.nixos.org/nixos/26.05/nixos-26.05.5845.b3fe9581c906/nixexprs.tar.xz"
+        "url": "https://releases.nixos.org/nixos/26.05/nixos-26.05.8045.b18a4b905f8d/nixexprs.tar.xz"
       },
       "original": {
         "id": "nixpkgs",
@@ -264,7 +264,28 @@
         "nixos-generators": "nixos-generators",
         "nixos-hardware": "nixos-hardware",
         "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs_3",
-        "nixpkgs-unstable": "nixpkgs-unstable"
+        "nixpkgs-unstable": "nixpkgs-unstable",
+        "sops-nix": "sops-nix"
+      }
+    },
+    "sops-nix": {
+      "inputs": {
+        "nixpkgs": [
+          "nixpkgs"
+        ]
+      },
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1788337237,
+        "narHash": "sha256-gkSH8VUtCo6hnysNmb9DbTuDepH2t5pv+QWjP75xKAk=",
+        "owner": "Mic92",
+        "repo": "sops-nix",
+        "rev": "fbf759290e0cb0a98dfc813a4eb7d53ad1dacb57",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "Mic92",
+        "repo": "sops-nix",
+        "type": "github"
       }
     }
   },

flake.nix

@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@
       url = "github:nix-community/nixos-generators";
       inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
     };
+    sops-nix = {
+      url = "github:Mic92/sops-nix";
+      inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
+    };
 
   };
 
@@ -36,6 +40,15 @@
           _module.args.pkgs = import inputs.nixpkgs {
             inherit system;
           };
+
+          devShells.default = pkgs.mkShell {
+            packages = with pkgs; [
+              sops
+              age
+              ssh-to-age
+              nixfmt
+            ];
+          };
         };
 
       systems = [ "x86_64-linux" ];

machines/configuration.nix

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ let
     nixpkgs
     nixpkgs-unstable
     nixos-hardware
+    sops-nix
     #hyprland
     ;
   nixosSystem = nixpkgs.lib.makeOverridable nixpkgs.lib.nixosSystem;
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ let
       ];
     }
     ../modules
+    sops-nix.nixosModules.sops
     # ../profiles
   ];
   defaultModules = baseModules ++ customModules;

machines/core/default.nix

@@ -3,5 +3,6 @@
   ./modules.nix
   ./network.nix
   ./nix.nix
+  ./sops.nix
   ./users.nix
 ]

machines/core/sops.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# sops-nix plumbing — applied to every machine.
+# See docs/secrets.md for the day-to-day workflow.
+{
+  config,
+  lib,
+  pkgs,
+  ...
+}:
+{
+  # Each host defaults to its own secrets/<hostname>.yaml. Override per-secret
+  # with sops.secrets.<name>.sopsFile for shared files.
+  sops.defaultSopsFile = lib.mkDefault (../../secrets + "/${config.networking.hostName}.yaml");
+  sops.defaultSopsFormat = "yaml";
+  sops.validateSopsFiles = true;
+
+  # Decrypt with the host's own SSH host key, converted to age.
+  # Explicit rather than inheriting the openssh-derived default, so this does
+  # not silently break if services.openssh is ever disabled.
+  sops.age.sshKeyPaths = [ "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key" ];
+  sops.age.generateKey = false;
+
+  # Age only. The default here is the RSA host key imported as a GPG key,
+  # which is deprecated and an extra failure surface.
+  sops.gnupg.sshKeyPaths = [ ];
+
+  environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
+    sops
+    age
+    ssh-to-age
+  ];
+}

machines/jupiter/environments.nix

@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
 # enabled profiles
-{ config, lib, ... }:
-let
-  secrets = config.sops.secrets;
-in
-{
+_: {
   my.profiles = {
     hyprland.enable = false;
     zsh.enable = true;
@@ -21,6 +17,7 @@ in
     sonarr.enable = true;
     jellyfin.enable = true;
     jellyseerr.enable = true;
+    immich.enable = true;
     development.enable = true;
     home-assistant.enable = true;
 

machines/mibook/configuration.nix

@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
     ./disks.nix
     ./hardware-configuration.nix
     ./environments.nix
+    ./network.nix
+    ./secrets.nix
     # ./system.nix use docker here
   ];
 
@@ -20,7 +22,6 @@
     useOSProber = true;
   };
 
-
   # Configure keymap in X11
   services.xserver.xkb = {
     layout = "de";
@@ -34,7 +35,6 @@
   services.printing.enable = true;
   nixpkgs.config.allowUnfree = true;
 
-
   hardware.nvidia.prime = {
     sync.enable = false;
 

machines/mibook/environments.nix

@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
 # enabled profiles
-{ config, lib, ... }:
-let
-  secrets = config.sops.secrets;
-in
-{
+_: {
   my.profiles = {
     kde-desktop.enable = true;
     zsh.enable = true;

machines/mibook/network.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+_: {
+  # Athena (local AI): allow LAN access to the Hermes web dashboard.
+  # Bound to 0.0.0.0:9119 in the athena docker stack; NixOS default-deny
+  # firewall otherwise blocks inbound connections from other devices.
+  networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts = [
+    9119 # athena hermes dashboard
+  ];
+}

machines/mibook/secrets.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Secrets decrypted on mibook. sopsFile defaults to secrets/mibook.yaml
+# via machines/core/sops.nix.
+{ ... }:
+{
+  # Pipeline smoke test — proves host-key decryption works end to end.
+  # Safe to delete once a real secret is in place.
+  sops.secrets.placeholder = {
+    mode = "0400";
+    owner = "root";
+    group = "root";
+  };
+}

modules/environments/default.nix

@@ -19,5 +19,6 @@
     ./sonarr
     ./jellyfin
     ./jellyseerr
+    ./immich
   ];
 }

modules/environments/immich/default.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# Immich self-hosted photo & video server
+{
+  config,
+  lib,
+  pkgs,
+  ...
+}:
+let
+  cfg = config.my.profiles.immich;
+  hostName = config.networking.hostName;
+  port = 2283;
+in
+{
+  options.my.profiles.immich = with lib; {
+    enable = mkEnableOption "Immich photo server";
+  };
+
+  config = lib.mkIf cfg.enable {
+    services.immich = {
+      enable = true;
+      host = "0.0.0.0";
+      inherit port;
+      openFirewall = true;
+      mediaLocation = "/var/lib/immich";
+      machine-learning.enable = true;
+      accelerationDevices = [ "/dev/dri/renderD128" ];
+      # Setting `settings` puts Immich in config-file mode: the admin settings
+      # UI becomes read-only and system config is managed declaratively here.
+      settings = {
+        server.externalDomain = "http://${hostName}:${toString port}";
+        # Intel Quick Sync hardware transcoding (jupiter's iGPU).
+        ffmpeg.accel = "qsv";
+      };
+    };
+
+    # The native module does not add GPU groups; required for VAAPI/QSV transcoding.
+    users.users.immich.extraGroups = [
+      "video"
+      "render"
+    ];
+
+    my.homepage.services = [
+      {
+        group = "Media";
+        name = "Immich";
+        description = "Photo & video server";
+        href = "http://${hostName}:${toString port}";
+        icon = "immich.png";
+      }
+    ];
+  };
+}

secrets/mibook.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+placeholder: ENC[AES256_GCM,data:tji/6di1F2GsD60TEBGAVvZR9m4jxQ8=,iv:BoBQVR735vq38iGx40VHIpk185ylf79mKmnpewcq/+o=,tag:lXNNk4/HYB0sw44KaQ2KYg==,type:str]
+sops:
+    age:
+        - enc: |
+            -----BEGIN AGE ENCRYPTED FILE-----
+            YWdlLWVuY3J5cHRpb24ub3JnL3YxCi0+IFgyNTUxOSA4ZUk5cjhGTlVveUFRdHdS
+            elpVV0pZVU54U3plYjNBai9ZZVBxTDhyRFFnCmpGWW81VGJoMnd4eWxCWnovQnFF
+            WXR1MVBTZ3VRUnNMUjI5Rko4NHpBdjQKLS0tIDkxYWNxTmhUS2dYTkFnTWZXaS9V
+            ejdtSmF2M1ZVdFNiWENMWlNraUYxVzAKdlz4xLhTKjJfFESDcym2xCOa71rXj6BE
+            mdeaCDhE11CAXqrpKU+j0/kwTsZRzyqlwQsfeI4ratu1K1vY66ONsw==
+            -----END AGE ENCRYPTED FILE-----
+          recipient: age1a0v442ct2qfjcdhyktn25spw02yq4fl08plrrvuradwwxzsle4mq8thln4
+        - enc: |
+            -----BEGIN AGE ENCRYPTED FILE-----
+            YWdlLWVuY3J5cHRpb24ub3JnL3YxCi0+IFgyNTUxOSBYT1hRSGt6TDRSMklQNDA3
+            Z2lYS2pMRWxxeEtGRGJSeXRDSlY5UTFBNEZvCm5RK0huT282MXpwWjdrTHByY3Ev
+            bTBMczR1MzVEcnNDVUxadlREbGg3UUUKLS0tIHhydUlmRExkbmNNNkVTcW1OSnpZ
+            aEtLZkRTRE9GZ0I1bEN0ZEl3RjVMeDgKoCY7NyxFMS+WuBUez2Irf91Xuy9QpM5g
+            RTmhK6mw2wd8oUMdgPOUESNwh1xkCz4hDHPrDQnfd4sPhSAvh28jwg==
+            -----END AGE ENCRYPTED FILE-----
+          recipient: age1n3uqtee5ymykrls6k04dznq50cwmj99hw7ny83yxjndt4y2ncf5qhjwa2p
+    lastmodified: "2026-09-08T13:29:12Z"
+    mac: ENC[AES256_GCM,data:YjMMIUdfCl8dkuvtvBZTFIhLwsUjI6iSeN929O4igbwpRTyGVxgLmAMl81YYHJSyEibelT7ZBKiuVVnL2KjLvAKTj3H1O+AQrcAEJDPC9NwPJwbtAIpLl2li5060Kdj4kr8AY+UJ2kHycuS9dg6wPZTLBJcM/YCw0AoVftvzryM=,iv:GEQZF9RvW+MJlMIjn1ToD74RubWMQtCyE5LqW9KQQfA=,tag:NR6u88eBY1asQZM6f45hTw==,type:str]
+    unencrypted_suffix: _unencrypted
+    version: 3.13.3